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Linux / Bash 指令速查表
完整的Linux和Bash指令速查表。搜尋80+個常用指令，附說明、範例和一鍵複製功能。
ls
List directory contents
範例：
ls -la /home/userls -la
List all files including hidden, with details
範例：
ls -la ~/Documentscd
Change directory
範例：
cd /var/logpwd
Print working directory path
範例：
pwdmkdir
Create a new directory
範例：
mkdir -p /tmp/mydir/subdirrm
Remove files or directories
範例：
rm -rf /tmp/oldfilescp
Copy files or directories
範例：
cp -r /src/dir /dst/dirmv
Move or rename files/directories
範例：
mv oldname.txt newname.txttouch
Create an empty file or update timestamp
範例：
touch newfile.txtfind
Search for files in a directory hierarchy
範例：
find /home -name '*.log' -mtime -7locate
Find files by name using a prebuilt database
範例：
locate nginx.confln
Create hard or symbolic links
範例：
ln -s /path/to/target /path/to/linkdf
Report disk space usage of file systems
範例：
df -hdu
Estimate file space usage
範例：
du -sh /var/log/*stat
Display file or file system status
範例：
stat /etc/passwdfile
Determine file type
範例：
file /usr/bin/bashcat
Concatenate and display file contents
範例：
cat /etc/hostsless
View file content one screen at a time
範例：
less /var/log/syslogmore
View file content page by page
範例：
more /etc/passwdhead
Output the first part of a file
範例：
head -n 20 /var/log/auth.logtail
Output the last part of a file
範例：
tail -f /var/log/sysloggrep
Search text using patterns
範例：
grep -rn 'error' /var/log/sed
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
範例：
sed 's/old/new/g' file.txtawk
Pattern scanning and text processing language
範例：
awk '{print $1, $3}' access.logsort
Sort lines of text files
範例：
sort -k2 -n data.txtuniq
Report or omit repeated lines
範例：
sort file.txt | uniq -cwc
Print newline, word, and byte counts
範例：
wc -l /etc/passwdcut
Remove sections from each line of files
範例：
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwdtr
Translate or delete characters
範例：
echo 'hello' | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'echo
Display a line of text
範例：
echo "Hello, World!"printf
Format and print data
範例：
printf "%s\t%d\n" name 42diff
Compare files line by line
範例：
diff file1.txt file2.txttee
Read from stdin and write to stdout and files
範例：
ls | tee output.txtps
Report a snapshot of current processes
範例：
ps aux | grep nginxtop
Display Linux processes in real time
範例：
top -u www-datahtop
Interactive process viewer (ncurses-based)
範例：
htopkill
Send a signal to a process
範例：
kill -9 1234killall
Kill processes by name
範例：
killall firefoxbg
Resume a suspended job in the background
範例：
bg %1fg
Bring a job to the foreground
範例：
fg %1jobs
List active jobs in the current shell
範例：
jobs -lnohup
Run a command immune to hangups
範例：
nohup ./script.sh &nice
Run a command with modified scheduling priority
範例：
nice -n 10 ./heavy_task.shsystemctl
Control the systemd system and service manager
範例：
systemctl restart nginxservice
Run a System V init script
範例：
service apache2 statusping
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
範例：
ping -c 4 google.comcurl
Transfer data from or to a server
範例：
curl -L -o file.zip https://example.com/file.zipwget
Non-interactive network downloader
範例：
wget -q https://example.com/file.tar.gzssh
OpenSSH remote login client
範例：
ssh -i ~/.ssh/key.pem user@hostscp
Secure copy files between hosts
範例：
scp user@host:/path/file.txt ./local/rsync
Remote file copying tool with delta transfer
範例：
rsync -avz /src/ user@host:/dst/netstat
Print network connections and routing tables
範例：
netstat -tulpnss
Utility to investigate sockets
範例：
ss -tulwnifconfig
Configure a network interface
範例：
ifconfig eth0ip
Show and manipulate routing, devices, and tunnels
範例：
ip addr shownmap
Network exploration tool and port scanner
範例：
nmap -sV 192.168.1.0/24dig
DNS lookup utility
範例：
dig +short A google.comnslookup
Query Internet name servers interactively
範例：
nslookup example.comchmod
Change file mode bits (permissions)
範例：
chmod 755 script.shchown
Change file owner and group
範例：
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/wwwchgrp
Change group ownership
範例：
chgrp developers project/sudo
Execute a command as another user (superuser)
範例：
sudo systemctl restart nginxsu
Change user ID or become superuser
範例：
su - postgrespasswd
Change user password
範例：
passwd usernameumask
Set or display the file mode creation mask
範例：
umask 022id
Print user and group information
範例：
id usernamewhoami
Print the current effective user name
範例：
whoamigroups
Print the groups a user is in
範例：
groups usernametar
Archive files using tape archive format
範例：
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /path/to/dirtar -x
Extract files from a tar archive
範例：
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz -C /target/gzip
Compress files using GNU zip
範例：
gzip -9 large_file.loggunzip
Decompress gzip compressed files
範例：
gunzip archive.tar.gzzip
Package and compress files into a ZIP archive
範例：
zip -r output.zip /path/to/dirunzip
Extract files from a ZIP archive
範例：
unzip archive.zip -d /target/bzip2
Compress files using bzip2 algorithm
範例：
bzip2 -z large_file.txtxz
Compress files using the XZ algorithm
範例：
xz -z -9 file.txtuname
Print system information
範例：
uname -auptime
Tell how long the system has been running
範例：
uptimefree
Display amount of free and used memory
範例：
free -hlscpu
Display information about the CPU architecture
範例：
lscpulsblk
List information about block devices
範例：
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINTlspci
List all PCI devices
範例：
lspci -v | grep VGAdmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
範例：
dmesg | tail -50journalctl
Query and display messages from the journal
範例：
journalctl -u nginx --since '1 hour ago'history
Display the command history list
範例：
history | grep dockerenv
Print environment variables
範例：
env | grep PATHif / then / fi
Conditional execution in shell scripts
範例：
if [ -f file.txt ]; then echo exists; fifor
Loop over a list of items
範例：
for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; donewhile
Execute commands while a condition is true
範例：
while read line; do echo $line; done < filecase
Multi-branch conditional matching pattern
範例：
case "$var" in a) echo A;; b) echo B;; esacfunction
Define a shell function
範例：
greet() { echo "Hello, $1!"; }; greet Worldexport
Set environment variables for child processes
範例：
export MY_VAR=valuesource
Execute commands from a file in current shell
範例：
source ~/.bashrcalias
Create an alias for a command
範例：
alias ll='ls -la'cron / crontab
Schedule commands to run periodically
範例：
crontab -e # 0 * * * * /path/to/script.shat
Execute commands at a specified time
範例：
echo 'ls /tmp' | at 14:30