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Linux / Bash 命令速查表
全面的Linux和Bash命令速查表。搜索80+个常用命令，附带示例、描述和一键复制功能。
ls
List directory contents
示例：
ls -la /home/userls -la
List all files including hidden, with details
示例：
ls -la ~/Documentscd
Change directory
示例：
cd /var/logpwd
Print working directory path
示例：
pwdmkdir
Create a new directory
示例：
mkdir -p /tmp/mydir/subdirrm
Remove files or directories
示例：
rm -rf /tmp/oldfilescp
Copy files or directories
示例：
cp -r /src/dir /dst/dirmv
Move or rename files/directories
示例：
mv oldname.txt newname.txttouch
Create an empty file or update timestamp
示例：
touch newfile.txtfind
Search for files in a directory hierarchy
示例：
find /home -name '*.log' -mtime -7locate
Find files by name using a prebuilt database
示例：
locate nginx.confln
Create hard or symbolic links
示例：
ln -s /path/to/target /path/to/linkdf
Report disk space usage of file systems
示例：
df -hdu
Estimate file space usage
示例：
du -sh /var/log/*stat
Display file or file system status
示例：
stat /etc/passwdfile
Determine file type
示例：
file /usr/bin/bashcat
Concatenate and display file contents
示例：
cat /etc/hostsless
View file content one screen at a time
示例：
less /var/log/syslogmore
View file content page by page
示例：
more /etc/passwdhead
Output the first part of a file
示例：
head -n 20 /var/log/auth.logtail
Output the last part of a file
示例：
tail -f /var/log/sysloggrep
Search text using patterns
示例：
grep -rn 'error' /var/log/sed
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text
示例：
sed 's/old/new/g' file.txtawk
Pattern scanning and text processing language
示例：
awk '{print $1, $3}' access.logsort
Sort lines of text files
示例：
sort -k2 -n data.txtuniq
Report or omit repeated lines
示例：
sort file.txt | uniq -cwc
Print newline, word, and byte counts
示例：
wc -l /etc/passwdcut
Remove sections from each line of files
示例：
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwdtr
Translate or delete characters
示例：
echo 'hello' | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'echo
Display a line of text
示例：
echo "Hello, World!"printf
Format and print data
示例：
printf "%s\t%d\n" name 42diff
Compare files line by line
示例：
diff file1.txt file2.txttee
Read from stdin and write to stdout and files
示例：
ls | tee output.txtps
Report a snapshot of current processes
示例：
ps aux | grep nginxtop
Display Linux processes in real time
示例：
top -u www-datahtop
Interactive process viewer (ncurses-based)
示例：
htopkill
Send a signal to a process
示例：
kill -9 1234killall
Kill processes by name
示例：
killall firefoxbg
Resume a suspended job in the background
示例：
bg %1fg
Bring a job to the foreground
示例：
fg %1jobs
List active jobs in the current shell
示例：
jobs -lnohup
Run a command immune to hangups
示例：
nohup ./script.sh &nice
Run a command with modified scheduling priority
示例：
nice -n 10 ./heavy_task.shsystemctl
Control the systemd system and service manager
示例：
systemctl restart nginxservice
Run a System V init script
示例：
service apache2 statusping
Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts
示例：
ping -c 4 google.comcurl
Transfer data from or to a server
示例：
curl -L -o file.zip https://example.com/file.zipwget
Non-interactive network downloader
示例：
wget -q https://example.com/file.tar.gzssh
OpenSSH remote login client
示例：
ssh -i ~/.ssh/key.pem user@hostscp
Secure copy files between hosts
示例：
scp user@host:/path/file.txt ./local/rsync
Remote file copying tool with delta transfer
示例：
rsync -avz /src/ user@host:/dst/netstat
Print network connections and routing tables
示例：
netstat -tulpnss
Utility to investigate sockets
示例：
ss -tulwnifconfig
Configure a network interface
示例：
ifconfig eth0ip
Show and manipulate routing, devices, and tunnels
示例：
ip addr shownmap
Network exploration tool and port scanner
示例：
nmap -sV 192.168.1.0/24dig
DNS lookup utility
示例：
dig +short A google.comnslookup
Query Internet name servers interactively
示例：
nslookup example.comchmod
Change file mode bits (permissions)
示例：
chmod 755 script.shchown
Change file owner and group
示例：
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/wwwchgrp
Change group ownership
示例：
chgrp developers project/sudo
Execute a command as another user (superuser)
示例：
sudo systemctl restart nginxsu
Change user ID or become superuser
示例：
su - postgrespasswd
Change user password
示例：
passwd usernameumask
Set or display the file mode creation mask
示例：
umask 022id
Print user and group information
示例：
id usernamewhoami
Print the current effective user name
示例：
whoamigroups
Print the groups a user is in
示例：
groups usernametar
Archive files using tape archive format
示例：
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /path/to/dirtar -x
Extract files from a tar archive
示例：
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz -C /target/gzip
Compress files using GNU zip
示例：
gzip -9 large_file.loggunzip
Decompress gzip compressed files
示例：
gunzip archive.tar.gzzip
Package and compress files into a ZIP archive
示例：
zip -r output.zip /path/to/dirunzip
Extract files from a ZIP archive
示例：
unzip archive.zip -d /target/bzip2
Compress files using bzip2 algorithm
示例：
bzip2 -z large_file.txtxz
Compress files using the XZ algorithm
示例：
xz -z -9 file.txtuname
Print system information
示例：
uname -auptime
Tell how long the system has been running
示例：
uptimefree
Display amount of free and used memory
示例：
free -hlscpu
Display information about the CPU architecture
示例：
lscpulsblk
List information about block devices
示例：
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINTlspci
List all PCI devices
示例：
lspci -v | grep VGAdmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
示例：
dmesg | tail -50journalctl
Query and display messages from the journal
示例：
journalctl -u nginx --since '1 hour ago'history
Display the command history list
示例：
history | grep dockerenv
Print environment variables
示例：
env | grep PATHif / then / fi
Conditional execution in shell scripts
示例：
if [ -f file.txt ]; then echo exists; fifor
Loop over a list of items
示例：
for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; donewhile
Execute commands while a condition is true
示例：
while read line; do echo $line; done < filecase
Multi-branch conditional matching pattern
示例：
case "$var" in a) echo A;; b) echo B;; esacfunction
Define a shell function
示例：
greet() { echo "Hello, $1!"; }; greet Worldexport
Set environment variables for child processes
示例：
export MY_VAR=valuesource
Execute commands from a file in current shell
示例：
source ~/.bashrcalias
Create an alias for a command
示例：
alias ll='ls -la'cron / crontab
Schedule commands to run periodically
示例：
crontab -e # 0 * * * * /path/to/script.shat
Execute commands at a specified time
示例：
echo 'ls /tmp' | at 14:30