ይህ ማጣቀሻ ወቅታዊ ነው?

ማመሳከሪያው በሰፊው ጥቅም ላይ የዋሉ ትዕዛዞችን እና በሁሉም ስሪቶች ላይ የተረጋጋ አገባብ ይሸፍናል። ለቅርብ ጊዜ ተጨማሪዎች ወይም ስሪት-ተኮር ባህሪያት ኦፊሴላዊውን ሰነድ ያረጋግጡ።

ይህንን ከመስመር ውጭ መጠቀም እችላለሁ?

አንዴ ከተጫነ ገጹ ያለበይነመረብ ግንኙነት ይሰራል። ለፈጣን መዳረሻ ዕልባት ያድርጉበት - ሁሉም ይዘቶች ያለ ተጨማሪ የአውታረ መረብ ጥያቄዎች በአሳሹ ውስጥ ተሰርተዋል።

ይህ ሁሉን አቀፍ ነው ወይስ መሰረታዊ ነገሮች?

90% የእለት ተእለት ተግባራትን የሚያስተናግዱ በጣም በብዛት ጥቅም ላይ የዋሉ ትዕዛዞችን እና ቅጦችን ይሸፍናል። ለላቁ ወይም የላቁ ባህሪያት ኦፊሴላዊውን ሰነድ ያማክሩ።

ተጨማሪዎችን መጠቆም እችላለሁ?

ማጣቀሻዎቻችንን በየጊዜው እናዘምነዋለን። የጎደሉ ትዕዛዞችን ካስተዋሉ ወይም ጥቆማዎች ካሉዎት በአድራሻ ገጻችን በኩል ያሳውቁን።

ነጻ መለወጫ

ሊኑክስ / ባሽ የትእዛዝ ማጭበርበር ሉህ

አጠቃላይ ሊኑክስ እና ባሽ ማጭበርበሪያ ሉህ። 80+ አስፈላጊ ትዕዛዞችን በምሳሌዎች፣ መግለጫዎች እና በአንድ ጠቅታ ቅጂ ይፈልጉ።

List directory contents

ምሳሌ፡-ls -la /home/user

ls -la

List all files including hidden, with details

ምሳሌ፡-ls -la ~/Documents

Change directory

ምሳሌ፡-cd /var/log

pwd

Print working directory path

ምሳሌ፡-pwd

mkdir

Create a new directory

ምሳሌ፡-mkdir -p /tmp/mydir/subdir

Remove files or directories

ምሳሌ፡-rm -rf /tmp/oldfiles

Copy files or directories

ምሳሌ፡-cp -r /src/dir /dst/dir

Move or rename files/directories

ምሳሌ፡-mv oldname.txt newname.txt

touch

Create an empty file or update timestamp

ምሳሌ፡-touch newfile.txt

find

Search for files in a directory hierarchy

ምሳሌ፡-find /home -name '*.log' -mtime -7

locate

Find files by name using a prebuilt database

ምሳሌ፡-locate nginx.conf

Create hard or symbolic links

ምሳሌ፡-ln -s /path/to/target /path/to/link

Report disk space usage of file systems

ምሳሌ፡-df -h

Estimate file space usage

ምሳሌ፡-du -sh /var/log/*

stat

Display file or file system status

ምሳሌ፡-stat /etc/passwd

file

Determine file type

ምሳሌ፡-file /usr/bin/bash

cat

Concatenate and display file contents

ምሳሌ፡-cat /etc/hosts

less

View file content one screen at a time

ምሳሌ፡-less /var/log/syslog

View file content page by page

ምሳሌ፡-more /etc/passwd

head

Output the first part of a file

ምሳሌ፡-head -n 20 /var/log/auth.log

tail

Output the last part of a file

ምሳሌ፡-tail -f /var/log/syslog

grep

Search text using patterns

ምሳሌ፡-grep -rn 'error' /var/log/

sed

Stream editor for filtering and transforming text

ምሳሌ፡-sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt

awk

Pattern scanning and text processing language

ምሳሌ፡-awk '{print $1, $3}' access.log

sort

Sort lines of text files

ምሳሌ፡-sort -k2 -n data.txt

uniq

Report or omit repeated lines

ምሳሌ፡-sort file.txt | uniq -c

Print newline, word, and byte counts

ምሳሌ፡-wc -l /etc/passwd

cut

Remove sections from each line of files

ምሳሌ፡-cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

Translate or delete characters

ምሳሌ፡-echo 'hello' | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'

echo

Display a line of text

ምሳሌ፡-echo "Hello, World!"

printf

Format and print data

ምሳሌ፡-printf "%s\t%d\n" name 42

diff

Compare files line by line

ምሳሌ፡-diff file1.txt file2.txt

tee

Read from stdin and write to stdout and files

ምሳሌ፡-ls | tee output.txt

Report a snapshot of current processes

ምሳሌ፡-ps aux | grep nginx

top

Display Linux processes in real time

ምሳሌ፡-top -u www-data

htop

Interactive process viewer (ncurses-based)

ምሳሌ፡-htop

kill

Send a signal to a process

ምሳሌ፡-kill -9 1234

killall

Kill processes by name

ምሳሌ፡-killall firefox

Resume a suspended job in the background

ምሳሌ፡-bg %1

Bring a job to the foreground

ምሳሌ፡-fg %1

jobs

List active jobs in the current shell

ምሳሌ፡-jobs -l

nohup

Run a command immune to hangups

ምሳሌ፡-nohup ./script.sh &

nice

Run a command with modified scheduling priority

ምሳሌ፡-nice -n 10 ./heavy_task.sh

systemctl

Control the systemd system and service manager

ምሳሌ፡-systemctl restart nginx

service

Run a System V init script

ምሳሌ፡-service apache2 status

ping

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts

ምሳሌ፡-ping -c 4 google.com

curl

Transfer data from or to a server

ምሳሌ፡-curl -L -o file.zip https://example.com/file.zip

wget

Non-interactive network downloader

ምሳሌ፡-wget -q https://example.com/file.tar.gz

ssh

OpenSSH remote login client

ምሳሌ፡-ssh -i ~/.ssh/key.pem user@host

scp

Secure copy files between hosts

ምሳሌ፡-scp user@host:/path/file.txt ./local/

rsync

Remote file copying tool with delta transfer

ምሳሌ፡-rsync -avz /src/ user@host:/dst/

netstat

Print network connections and routing tables

ምሳሌ፡-netstat -tulpn

Utility to investigate sockets

ምሳሌ፡-ss -tulwn

ifconfig

Configure a network interface

ምሳሌ፡-ifconfig eth0

Show and manipulate routing, devices, and tunnels

ምሳሌ፡-ip addr show

nmap

Network exploration tool and port scanner

ምሳሌ፡-nmap -sV 192.168.1.0/24

dig

DNS lookup utility

ምሳሌ፡-dig +short A google.com

nslookup

Query Internet name servers interactively

ምሳሌ፡-nslookup example.com

chmod

Change file mode bits (permissions)

ምሳሌ፡-chmod 755 script.sh

chown

Change file owner and group

ምሳሌ፡-chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

chgrp

Change group ownership

ምሳሌ፡-chgrp developers project/

sudo

Execute a command as another user (superuser)

ምሳሌ፡-sudo systemctl restart nginx

Change user ID or become superuser

ምሳሌ፡-su - postgres

passwd

Change user password

ምሳሌ፡-passwd username

umask

Set or display the file mode creation mask

ምሳሌ፡-umask 022

Print user and group information

ምሳሌ፡-id username

whoami

Print the current effective user name

ምሳሌ፡-whoami

groups

Print the groups a user is in

ምሳሌ፡-groups username

tar

Archive files using tape archive format

ምሳሌ፡-tar -czvf archive.tar.gz /path/to/dir

tar -x

Extract files from a tar archive

ምሳሌ፡-tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz -C /target/

gzip

Compress files using GNU zip

ምሳሌ፡-gzip -9 large_file.log

gunzip

Decompress gzip compressed files

ምሳሌ፡-gunzip archive.tar.gz

zip

Package and compress files into a ZIP archive

ምሳሌ፡-zip -r output.zip /path/to/dir

unzip

Extract files from a ZIP archive

ምሳሌ፡-unzip archive.zip -d /target/

bzip2

Compress files using bzip2 algorithm

ምሳሌ፡-bzip2 -z large_file.txt

Compress files using the XZ algorithm

ምሳሌ፡-xz -z -9 file.txt

uname

Print system information

ምሳሌ፡-uname -a

uptime

Tell how long the system has been running

ምሳሌ፡-uptime

free

Display amount of free and used memory

ምሳሌ፡-free -h

lscpu

Display information about the CPU architecture

ምሳሌ፡-lscpu

lsblk

List information about block devices

ምሳሌ፡-lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

lspci

List all PCI devices

ምሳሌ፡-lspci -v | grep VGA

dmesg

Print or control the kernel ring buffer

ምሳሌ፡-dmesg | tail -50

journalctl

Query and display messages from the journal

ምሳሌ፡-journalctl -u nginx --since '1 hour ago'

history

Display the command history list

ምሳሌ፡-history | grep docker

env

Print environment variables

ምሳሌ፡-env | grep PATH

if / then / fi

Conditional execution in shell scripts

ምሳሌ፡-if [ -f file.txt ]; then echo exists; fi

for

Loop over a list of items

ምሳሌ፡-for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; done

while

Execute commands while a condition is true

ምሳሌ፡-while read line; do echo $line; done < file

case

Multi-branch conditional matching pattern

ምሳሌ፡-case "$var" in a) echo A;; b) echo B;; esac

function

Define a shell function

ምሳሌ፡-greet() { echo "Hello, $1!"; }; greet World

export

Set environment variables for child processes

ምሳሌ፡-export MY_VAR=value

source

Execute commands from a file in current shell

ምሳሌ፡-source ~/.bashrc

alias

Create an alias for a command

ምሳሌ፡-alias ll='ls -la'

cron / crontab

Schedule commands to run periodically

ምሳሌ፡-crontab -e # 0 * * * * /path/to/script.sh

Execute commands at a specified time

ምሳሌ፡-echo 'ls /tmp' | at 14:30

ሊኑክስ / ባሽ የትእዛዝ ማጭበርበር ሉህ

ስላዚህ መሳሪያ

እንዴት ይጠቀሙ

በተደጋጋሚ የሚጠየቁ ጥያቄዎች

ሊኑክስ / ባሽ የትእዛዝ ማጭበርበር ሉህ

ተዛማጅ መሣሪያዎች

Git ትዕዛዞች የማጭበርበር ወረቀት

Docker ትዕዛዞች የማጭበርበር ወረቀት

የቪም ትዕዛዞች የማጭበርበር ወረቀት

የ SQL ቅርጸት & ማስዋቢያ

ስላዚህ መሳሪያ

እንዴት ይጠቀሙ

በተደጋጋሚ የሚጠየቁ ጥያቄዎች

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